Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Dan Kepatuhan Mengkonsumsi Tablet FE Dengan Kejadian Anemia Di Puskesmas Pimping

Ambarwati, Dwi (2025) Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Dan Kepatuhan Mengkonsumsi Tablet FE Dengan Kejadian Anemia Di Puskesmas Pimping. S1 thesis, unw.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Kehamilan menyebabkan perubahan fisiologis yang memengaruhi kadar hemoglobin ibu, seperti peningkatan volume plasma dan penurunan kadar hematokrit. Salah satu masalah gizi yang sering dialami adalah anemia defisiensi besi, yang dapat diperburuk oleh rendahnya kepatuhan mengonsumsi tablet Fe. WHO (2022) melaporkan prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil secara global sebesar 41,8%, sedangkan di Indonesia mencapai 48,9% (Kemenkes RI, 2023). Survei awal di Puskesmas Pimping tahun 2024 menunjukkan 12,4% ibu hamil mengalami anemia. Berdasarkan cakupan pemberian tablet Fe, Indonesia tahun 2023 mencapai 88,5%, Provinsi Kalimantan Utara tahun 2024 sebesar 93,78%, Kabupaten Bulungan 88,35%, dan Puskesmas Pimping 100%. Tingkat pengetahuan ibu dan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe menjadi faktor penting yang memengaruhi kejadian anemia. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Pimping pada Mei–Juli 2025. Populasi penelitian adalah 74 ibu hamil, dan seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel (total sampling). Data primer dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan pemeriksaan Hb digital. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi- square. Hasil: Sebanyak 46 ibu hamil (62,2%) mengalami anemia, dan 28 orang (37,8%) tidak mengalami anemia. Sebagian besar ibu hamil memiliki pengetahuan kurang (55,4%) dan tidak patuh mengonsumsi tablet Fe (51,4%). Uji chi-square menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu hamil dengan kejadian anemia (p=0,000), serta antara kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe dengan kejadian anemia (p=0,000). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Pimping. Peningkatan edukasi dan pemantauan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe perlu ditingkatkan untuk menurunkan angka kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Background: Pregnancy induces physiological changes that affect maternal hemoglobin levels, such as an increase in plasma volume and a decrease in hematocrit levels. One of the common nutritional problems experienced during pregnancy is iron-deficiency anemia, which may be exacerbated by low adherence to iron (Fe) tablet consumption. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2022), the global prevalence of anemia among pregnant women is 41.8%, while in Indonesia it reaches 48.9% (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2023). A preliminary survey at Puskesmas Pimping in 2024 indicated that 12.4% of pregnant women were anemic. Regarding Fe tablet supplementation coverage, Indonesia in 2023 achieved 88.5%, North Kalimantan Province in 2024 reached 93.78%, Bulungan District 88.35%, and Puskesmas Pimping 100%. Maternal knowledge and adherence to Fe tablet consumption are key factors influencing the incidence of anemia.. Methods: This study employed a descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted at Pimping Health Center from May to July 2025. The study population consisted of 74 pregnant women, all of whom were included as research subjects (total sampling). Primary data were collected through questionnaires and digital hemoglobin (Hb) tests. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate techniques, with the chi-square test used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the 74 respondents, 46 pregnant women (62.2%) were found to be anemic, while 28 women (37.8%) were not anemic. The majority of pregnant women had low knowledge levels (55.4%) and were non-compliant with iron tablet consumption (51.4%). Chi-square analysis revealed a significant relationship between knowledge and anemia incidence (p=0.000), as well as between compliance with iron tablet consumption and anemia incidence (p=0.000). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between pregnant women's knowledge and compliance with iron tablet intake and the incidence of anemia at Pimping Health Center. Strengthening health education and monitoring of iron tablet adherence is crucial in reducing anemia prevalence among pregnant women.

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