Hubungan Keterpaparan Asap Rokok Dengan Hasil IVA Test Di Puskesmas Candiroto Kabupaten Temanggung

Safa'atilah, Erlin (2025) Hubungan Keterpaparan Asap Rokok Dengan Hasil IVA Test Di Puskesmas Candiroto Kabupaten Temanggung. S1 thesis, unw.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Kanker serviks merupakan penyebab kematian utama pada perempuan, dengan 660.000 kasus baru dan 350.000 kematian di dunia pada tahun 2022 (WHO, 2024). Di Indonesia, kanker serviks menempati urutan kedua terbanyak dengan 36.000 kasus baru dan 21.000 kematian setiap tahun (WHO, 2024). Pemeriksaan IVA merupakan metode deteksi dini yang efektif, namun cakupannya masih rendah (Kemenkes RI, 2024). Di Puskesmas Candiroto, hanya 9,2% wanita usia subur (WUS) menjalani IVA test pada tahun 2024, dengan 37,6% hasil positif. Salah satu faktor risiko yang berperan adalah paparan asap rokok yang mengandung zat karsinogenik seperti benzopiren (Armenda & Helda, 2023). Kemenkes RI (2023) menyatakan bahwa wanita yang terpapar asap rokok memiliki risiko dua kali lipat terkena kanker serviks. Survei awal menunjukkan sebagian besar wanita dengan hasil IVA positif memiliki riwayat terpapar asap rokok. Dari 12 wanita memiliki riwayat terpapar asap rokok, 9 wanita positif IVA test dan 3 wanita hasil IVA negatif. Berdasarkan keterangan responden 9 responden yang positif juga disebabkan ketidaktahuan terhadap dampak keterpaparan asap rokok. Metode: Penelitian ini menggun akan desain analitik korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 123 wanita usia subur yang menjalani pemeriksaan IVA di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Candiroto bulan Januari- Juni 2025. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 123 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuesioner keterpaparan asap rokok dari data Rekam Medis responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil : Penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden memiliki hasil IVA test positif sebanyak 52 responden (42,3%) dan terpapar asap rokok sebanyak 71 responden (57,7%). Terdapat hubungan antara keterpaparan asap rokok dengan hasil IVA test dengan p-value = 0,000 < α (0,05). Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan antara keterpaparan asap rokok dengan hasil pemeriksaan IVA test. Background: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death in women, with 660,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths globally in 2022 (WHO, 2024). In Indonesia, cervical cancer ranks second with 36,000 new cases and 21,000 deaths annually (WHO, 2024). VIA testing is an effective early detection method, but coverage remains low (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2024). At Candiroto Community Health Center, only 9.2% of women of childbearing age (WUS) underwent VIA testing in 2024, with 37.6% testing positive. One risk factor is exposure to cigarette smoke, which contains carcinogenic substances such as benzopyrene (Armenda & Helda, 2023). The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (2023) stated that women exposed to cigarette smoke have a twofold increased risk of developing cervical cancer. Initial surveys showed that most women with positive VIA results had a history of exposure to cigarette smoke. Of the 12 women with a history of cigarette smoke exposure, 9 women tested positive for the VIA test, and 3 women tested negative. According to respondents, the 9 positive results were also due to ignorance of the effects of cigarette smoke exposure. Methods: This study used a correlational analytical design with a cross- sectional approach. The study population was 123 women of childbearing age who underwent VIA testing in the Candiroto Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area from January to June 2025. The sampling technique used total sampling, with a sample size of 123 respondents. The instrument used was a cigarette smoke exposure questionnaire from respondents' medical records. Data analysis used the Chi-Square test. Results: The study showed that the majority of respondents had positive VIA test results (52 respondents (42.3%), and 71 respondents (57.7%) were exposed to cigarette smoke. There was a relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and VIA test results with a p-value of 0.000 <α (0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and VIA test results.

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