Gambaran Status Gizi Balita Di Desa Pamulihan Unit Organisasi Bersifat Fungsional (UOBF) Puskesmas Larangan Kabupaten Brebes

Kusmiyati, Sari (2025) Gambaran Status Gizi Balita Di Desa Pamulihan Unit Organisasi Bersifat Fungsional (UOBF) Puskesmas Larangan Kabupaten Brebes. S1 thesis, unw.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Kekurangan gizi masih menjadi masalah serius di Indonesia, termasuk di Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang mencatat prevalensi stunting dan gizi kurang cukup tinggi. Kabupaten Brebes, khususnya Desa Pamulihan, menjadi salah satu wilayah dengan angka kasus tertinggi, sesuai hasil pencatatan eppgbm dengan indikator BB/U didominasi balita dengan kategori berat badan kurang, indikator TB/U didominasi balita dengan status pendek dan indikator BB/TB didominasi balita dengan status gizi kurang. Meski berbagai program gizi telah diluncurkan pemerintah, permasalahan ini tetap memerlukan intervensi berkelanjutan. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, peneliti tertarik melakukan penelitian di Desa Pamulihan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam masalah gizi di wilayah tersebut. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan menggambarkan status gizi balita berdasarkan indikator BB/U, TB/U, dan BB/TB di Desa Pamulihan, Kecamatan Larangan, Kabupaten Brebes. Populasi sebanyak 610 balita dan sampel sebanyak 86 balita yang ditentukan menggunakan rumus Slovin serta teknik purposive sampling. Data sekunder diperoleh dari buku kohort. Status gizi dianalisis melalui perhitungan z-score dan dianalisis secara univariat. Proses pengolahan data dilakukan melalui tahapan editing, coding, dan tabulating, kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar balita memiliki berat badan normal (70,9%), namun 26,7% mengalami berat badan kurang hingga sangat kurang. Berdasarkan TB/U, lebih dari separuh balita (59,3%) mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan (stunting) dalam berbagai tingkat, dengan hanya 40,7% yang memiliki tinggi badan normal. Sementara itu, penilaian BB/TB menunjukkan mayoritas balita (70,9%) memiliki gizi baik, tetapi masih ditemukan kasus gizi kurang (20,9%), gizi buruk (5,8%), dan risiko gizi lebih (2,3%). Simpulan: Sebagian besar balita (70,9%) memiliki berat badan dan status gizi yang normal, terdapat tren peningkatan proporsi balita dengan berat badan kurang hingga sangat kurang (26,7%) seiring bertambahnya usia. Kasus stunting juga cukup tinggi, dengan 59,3% balita mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan linear, terutama pada kelompok usia 36–60 bulan. Berdasarkan BB/TB, sebagian besar balita memiliki gizi baik, namun 28,8% mengalami gangguan gizi, termasuk gizi kurang, buruk, dan risiko gizi lebih. Overview of the Nutritional Status of Children Under Five in Pamulihan Village, UOBF Larangan Health Center, Brebes Regency (xv + 65 pages + 10 tables + 11 appendices) Background: Malnutrition is still a serious problem in Indonesia, including in Central Java Province which records a high prevalence of stunting and malnutrition. Brebes Regency, especially Pamulihan Village, is one of the areas with the highest number of cases, according to the results of the eppgbm recording with the BB/U indicator dominated by toddlers with underweight categories, the TB/U indicator is dominated by toddlers with short status and the BB/TB indicator is dominated by toddlers with poor nutritional status. Although various nutrition programs have been launched by the government, this problem still requires continuous intervention. Based on these conditions, researchers are interested in conducting research in Pamulihan Village to study more deeply the nutritional problems in the area. Methods: This study is a descriptive research aimed at describing the nutritional status of children under five based on the indicators of weight-for-age (W/A), height-for-age (H/A), and weight-for-height (W/H) in Pamulihan Village, Larangan Subdistrict, Brebes Regency. The population included 610 children under five, and the sample consisted of 86 children determined using the Slovin formula and purposive sampling technique. Secondary data were obtained from cohort books. Nutritional status was analyzed using z-score calculations and univariate analysis. Data processing was carried out through editing, coding, and tabulating stages, and then presented in frequency and percentage distribution tables. Results: The results showed that most children under five had normal weight (70.9%), although 26.7% were underweight to severely underweight. Based on H/A, more than half (59.3%) experienced growth disturbances (stunting) of varying degrees, with only 40.7% having normal height. Meanwhile, the W/H assessment revealed that the majority of children (70.9%) had good nutritional status, though there were still cases of undernutrition (20.9%), severe malnutrition (5.8%), and risk of overnutrition (2.3%). Conclusion: Most children under five (70.9%) had normal weight and nutritional status; however, there was a trend of increasing proportion of underweight children (26.7%) with age. The prevalence of stunting was also quite high, with 59.3% of children experiencing linear growth disturbances, especially in the 36–60 months age group. Based on W/H, while most children had good nutrition, 28.8% experienced nutritional issues, including undernutrition, severe malnutrition, and risk of overnutrition.

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